Tep Pranam Temple

Tep Pranam was built by the king Yasovarman I end of the 9^th century dedicated to Buddha and Tep Pranam is situated 100 m north of the Terrace of leper king. Tep Pranam’s entrance was marked by the moats built of later rite and double stone at the corner and the terrace in shape a cross 2 lions in front of the door and Naga balustrade built later date and a figure of Buddha sit on the lotus pedestal and other figures of Buddha on the stone.

A long walkway with a Buddha figure at the far end. Tep Pranam was originally a Buddhist shrine in the 9th century under Yasovarman I, the king that moved the capital to Angkor. It was expanded over the years with 12th century balustrades, 13th century lions and significant post-Angkorian modifications and additions. The Buddha statue at the western end is made from reused material. It is unclear how long that particular Buddha has been there.

 

Preah Pithu Group

Preah Pithu (Khmer: ប្រាសាទព្រះពិធូរ), or Prah Pithu, is a group of five temples at Angkor, Cambodia.

Preah Pithu group was built by the king Suriyavarman II in the mid of 12^th century dedicated to the Siva. Preah Pithu group is situated in the front of Tep Pranam and Preah Palilay at the east road of this temple. There are 5 temples were badly damaged and this temple was decorated by Naga balustrade surrounded entrance by the moats and alinga was found. There and this temple has square towers at the 4 sides and each tower was decorated female divinities and surrounded by the rampart of the sandstone. There are 2 entrances at the east side and west side.

            At the west wall has several depiction of Siva 4 arms man dancing each path. There are moats to the third temple a platform 3,6 m high and surface area 1225 m2 interior. The monk’s cell decorated by Buddha figures.

The site

They're located in Angkor Thom, north-east of the Bayon, in front of Tep Pranam. The temples are near but they weren't built in the same period, except for two of them, so there is no apparent order. They're identified by letters: T, U, V, W and X. "X" is a buddhist temple, it remained unfinished and is probably the latest. The others are Hindu. The five temples are in bad conditions, upper levels are ruined, but their carvings are interesting and the site is rather peaceful, wooded and scarcely crowded. A moat, often dry^[1], surrounds some of the temples. They were cleaned first by Jean Commaille in 1908, then by Henri Marchal from 1918 to 1920^[2].

Temples "T" and "U"

They were built together quite for sure, as they are on the same W-E axis and are surrounded by a single moat. They're oriented to the west, having a cruciform terrace on two levels with nāgas balaustrades as entrance. The temple "T" has a sandstone enclosure, which measures 45 by 40 meters, and has two gopuras on the main W-E axis. The sanctuary, on a 3-levels ornated platform 6 meters high, has a chamber which sheltered a large linga on its pedestal. The fragments of the lintel of western door, on the ground, show a stylized depiction of the "Churning of the Sea of Milk", while the walls are decorated with devatas and floral motifs, Bayon style.
The temple "U" is similar to "T", but smaller and simpler. Its enclosure is 35 by 28 meters. It has no gopura. The lintel of west door shows the Trimurti, with Shiva dancing on a kala-head between Vishnu and Brahma. The internal walls are sculpted with dvarapalas and the blind arches at the base of pillars are typical of Angkor Wat period. On the northern lintel there is another depiction of the "Churning of the Sea of Milk".
Temple "X"

Temple "X" stands on a large terrace, 4 meters high, about 100 meters east of temple "U". It is straight reachable from there if the moat is dry. It is similar in design to the former temples but is larger and incomplete in its decorations. "X" is a buddhist temple: on the walls of the sanctuary chamber there is a double row of sculpted Buddhas. Even the lintels show buddhist motifs. However the most interesting remains, depicting famous Siddharta's cutting of the hair, are not in place. Towards the east, the laterite terrace is surrounded by semas^[3], delimiting the sacred area.

Temple "V"

Outside the residual moat, north of temple "U", there is temple "V". It is oriented to the East, where it opens with a double vestibule, and has no enclusure. On the West it has a causeway which ends with a 40 meters long cruciform terrace, leading into NE corner of the Royal Square. Its sanctuary chamber, standing on two-tier sculpted basement, is the largest of the group, having a square side of 3.80 m, and hosted a large 1.5 m linga. Its external decorations, in Angkor Wat style, are incomplete

Temple "Y"

Temple "Y" has no basement or stairways and stands on an earthen platform, north of "V". It was dated between Angkor Wat and Bayon. Oriented to the East, it has a long mandapa as entrance, linked by a vestibule to a 3.5 m by 3.0 m sanctuary chamber, which hosted a linga 0.95 m tall. The larger chamber has mostly collapsed, but on its western side there are two remarkable half-frontons, which depict the defeat of the asura Bana by Krishna to the north and the three giant steps of Vamana to the south^[4].

Prasat Bat Chum

Prasat Bat Chum was built by the king Rajandravarman II in the middle of 10^th century dedicated to Buddha. And Prasat Bat Chum is situated south of Srah Srong and north east of Prasat kravann 1 km and the temple has 3 small towers shrines are made of sandstone each towers has 3 false door and female divinities are decorated at the corner of the temple.

Phnom Krom

Phnom Krom (Khmer: ប្រាសាទភ្នំក្រោម) is a 140 m high hill close to Siem Reap, Cambodia.

Phnom krom was built by the king Yasovarman I at the end of 9^th century dedicated to Siva, Vishnu and Brama. The king Yasovarman I was built 3 temple on the mountains are Phnom Bakeng Phnom Bok and Phnom Krom. Phnom krom has a square shape with 3 towers at the west tower dedicated to Vishnu the east tower dedicated to Siva and the south dedicated to Brama and the tower have a square shape and the east west entry has the false doors at the north and south. And at the south surrounded by a great lake is Tonle Sap lake.

Location

Phnom Krom is located to 12 kilometers southwest of Siem Reap town.
Phnom Krom hill is very rocky; local legend has it that the rocks were exposed by the monkey general Hanuman during a hunt for medicine in the Ramayana epic. The area beyond the temple’s west gate affords a spectacular view of the Tonle Sap lake

Angkorian temple

There is an Angkorian temple on top of the hill. It is a Hindu shrine dedicated to Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma.
The temple in was built at the end of the 9th century, during the reign of King Yasovarman (889 A.D.-910 A.D.).
Oriented toward the east, the hilltop temple is enclosed by a wall built of laterite blocks. Along the walls' top runs a cornice. Gates bisect the walls at each of the four cardinal directions. Just inside the east gate are four small buildings arrayed in a north-south row, possibly formerly used as crematoria. Inside the walls on the north and south sides are three halls, now collapsed. The temple’s focus is three towers, also in a row running north to south. They sit atop a platform reached by staircases of seven steps. The southern tower is dedicated to Brahma, the central to Shiva, the northern to Vishnu. They are built of sandstone; much of their carving and detail has been lost to erosion.
Phnom Krom is the southernmost of three hilltop temples built in the Angkor region during the reign of Yasovarman. The other two are Phnom Bakheng and Phnom Bok.

 Phnom Krom is the ruins of an Angkor temple located on the hill of the same name. It is one of the three hilltop temples in the Angkor region, apart from Phnom Bakheng and Phnom Bok. A Hindu shrine dedicated to Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma, Phnom Krom is located 12 kilometers southwest of Siem Reap, close to the Tonle Sap, and a distance from the Angkor Archaeological Park. It was built at the end of the 9th century, during the reign of King Yasovarman (889 A.D.-910 A.D.) The temple faces east and is enclosed by a laterite wall with gates at the four cardinal directions. The temple consists of four small structures arranged north to south fronting three towers, also arranged north to south. The towers, or prasat sit on a platform. They are dedicated to Brahma (south tower), Shiva (central tower) and Vishnu (north tower)respectively. From Phnom Krom, one can get a panoramic view of the surrounding region, including the rural houses on stilts by the shore of the Tonle Sap, as well as the Tonle Sap lake in the horizon. The view is simply breathtaking.

Banteay Samre Temple

Banteay Samré (Khmer: ប្រាសាទបន្ទាយសំរែ) is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia located east of the East Baray. Built under Suryavarman II and Yasovarman II in the early 12th century, it is a Hindu temple in the Angkor Wat style.

Named after the Samré, an ancient people of Indochina, the temple uses the same materials as the Banteay Srei.

Banteay Samre was built by the king Suriyavarman II middle of 12^th century dedicated to the Vishnu and Banteay Samre is the east Baray. Banteay Samre has a square shape surrounded by a wall and enclosing galleries and the entry tower on the each side which leads us to the library on the each side. And at the east a cause way 200 m long and paved later rite which lead us to the entry tower and enclosing wall surrounded the monument. The central tower was built on the ground level and 2 cause ways flanked by lions and Naga balustrade and short column east entry tower was built later of this monument and next the later rite terrace enclosing wall the temple 83 m long and 77m width next enclosing wall 44 m long 38 m width 2 library one on the right one on the left, on the lintel carved the Buddha scene.

Ta Prohm Kel Temple

Taprom Kel was built by the king Jayavarman VII late of 12^th century dedicated to Buddha. Taprom Kel is one of 102 hospitals was built built by the Jayavarman VII and Taprom Kel was decorated with the temple and Taprom Kel has 3 false dears.

Ta Prohm Kel has a single, now collapsed tower, called prasat, with a doorway facing the east. The other three sides are decorated with false doors. As with the Chapel of the Hospital at Ta Keo, Ta Prohm Kel is also done in the style of the Bayon. A drainage channel, called somasutra, allows lustral water to flow out of the northern wall of the sanctuary.

Ta Prohm Kel (a different monument from Ta Prohm) is 450 meters north of Angkor Wat, on the road towards Angkor Thom. Look for it on the left side of the road before reaching the foot of Phnom Bakheng. Ta Prohm Kel is an insignificant Angkor site, and is unlikely to be featured in the itinerary of packaged tours. You most likely have to explore it on your own. It is not really worth your time unless you are a serious Angkor enthusiast. The tuk tuk driver who took me, Mr Han, was able to find it, so if you require his services, you can try to contact him, Mr Han (contact details below), to see if he is available to take you.

Preah Palilay Temple

Preah Palilay (Khmer: ប្រាសាទព្រះប៉ាលីឡៃ) is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia. It is located in Angkor Thom, 400 m north-west of Phimeanakas.

Preah Pallilay was built by the king of Jayavarman VII last 12^th century dedicated to Buddha. Preah Pallilay is a meeting place of the believer monks and nuns and Preah Pallilay has 4 entries and Preah Pallilay is a pyramid temple and has the shape as chimneys full of stone.

History

The coexistence of hindu and buddhist elements and lacking of foundation stele or inscriptions make somewhat difficult dating this temple. It is generally ascribed to Jayavarman VIII reign, but it seems difficult to explain how the buddhist imageries could have survive from the iconoclast fury of that epoch. Maybe it was built in different periods: the sanctuary in the first half of 12th century, while the gopura in the late 13th or early 14th century. The temple was cleaned by Henri Marchal in 1918-19, while the gopura was restored by anastylosis by Maurice Glaize in 1937-38

Description

The temple has a cross-shaped terrace, 8.5 m by 30 m long, with seven-headed nāga balaustrades in good conditions, on the east, guarded by two decapitated dvarapalas dvarapalas and a lion (of an original two). A 33 m-long causeway connects it to the single sandstone gopura.^[2] Before the laterite enclosure 50 m square there is a shrine with a 3 m tall statue of Buddha, sitting on a lotus, of a later period.
The gopura has three entrances, the east-facing pediment of the northern one shows "the offering of the animals in the forest of Parilyyaka", where the Buddha retreated after leaving Kosambi. It seems that the origin of Pralilay could have been the alteration of the name Parilyyaka.^[3] Even the other pediments shows exemplary scenes of Buddha.

Monks from the nearby monastery in front of the temple

The sandstone sanctuary stands on a three tiered basement, 6 m high in overall. It has a 5 m square central chamber that opens to the four cardinal points with as many vestibules. Their classical ornamentations, unfortunately ruined, suggest that the sanctuary belongs to the first half of the 12th century and is older than the gopura. Even the characteristic "chimney-like" tower that stands above seems to be a later addition, maybe a frame for a covering.
Some parts of the pediments have been taken away for safe-keeping, others lying on the ground. The visibile parts show Indra on his mount, the elephant Airavata, and the assault of the demoniac army of Mara.^[4]
At the present time there is a little buddhist monastery near the temple and the presence of the monks in its area is not uncommon.

Krol ko Temple

Krol Ko at Angkor, Cambodia, is a Buddhist temple built at the end of the 12th century under the rule of Jayavarman VII. It is north of Neak Pean.

            Krol Ko was built by the king Jayavarman VII late of 12^th century early 13^th  dedicated to Buddha. Krol Ko is at north west of Neak Pean and 100m from the roads. Krol Ko is a rain temple surrounded by jungles and we can see the statue of Buddhisatwaavalokitesvara standing on the lotus and flanked by the gods and there is a scene of Krisna lifted Gavadhana to shelter the people and animals living on Gavadhana mountain Krol Ko is a single monument surrounded by 2 enclosing wall of later rite and the library was built of the later rite too.

Ta Som Temple

Ta Som (Khmer: ប្រាសាទតាសោម) is a small temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built at the end of the 12th century for King Jayavarman VII. It is located north east of Angkor Thom and just east of Neak Pean. The King dedicated the temple to his father Dharanindravarman II (Paramanishkalapada) who was King of the Khmer Empire from 1150 to 1160. The temple consists of a single shrine located on one level and surrounded by enclosure laterite walls. Like the nearby Preah Khan and Ta Prohm the temple was left largely unrestored, with numerous trees and other vegetation growing among the ruins.^[1] In 1998, the World Monuments Fund (WMF) added the temple to their restoration program and began work to stabilise the structure to make it safer for visitors.

Was built by the king Jayavarman VII at the end of 12^th century dedicated to Buddha and Ta Som wasn’t restored and it was a small quiet. Temple and can a ford delightful visit because it 4 faces of Buddhisatwaavalokitesvara at the west entry of the temple there was a banyon tree its roots intertwined  but this tree was cut off by Khmer rouge during 1975-1979 and this temple was use as their camp and a hospital too.

            Ta Som is a single temple with a level surrounded by 3 enclosing walls. The east and the west entry was decorated by 4 faces of buddhisatwaavalokitesvara second enclosing wall was built of later rite and sandstone and the next enclosing wall has the gallery made of later rite and sandstone.

Structure

Designed to be entered from the east, Ta Som is surrounded by a moat and enclosed by three laterite walls which are broken by two sets of gopura (entrance ways). The gopuras are cross-shaped and contain a small room on each side along with windows containing balusters. The main structure of the gopura are carved with four faces in the Bayon style.^[3] The eastern outer gopura has been overgrown by a sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) which has grown down through the blocks that make up the gopura and into the ground.^[4] The inner section of the temple consists of a central cruciform sanctuary with porches at each arm surrounded by four corner pavilions. Two small libraries sit on either side of the eastern entrance path

Restoration

According to the APSARA Authority who manage the temples in the Angkor Park, little restoration work had been done at Ta Som until the 1950s. At this time some propping of structures that were near collapse was carried out. After the WMF added Ta Som to their project, the WMF team began to document and interpret the site and carry out emergency stabilization of fragile structures and improvement to visitor flow around the monument.^[6] In 2007, WMF and the APSARA Authority conducted clearing and documentation works that allowed the temple to be accessed from all four sides. Many sandstone blocks were repaired and this allowed the reconstruction of the North Central Fronton of the North Gopura.

Preah Khan Temple

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This article is about Preah Khan in Angkor, near Siem Reap. For Preah Khan (of) Kompong Svay, in Preah Vinear province, 100 km (62 mi) at east of Angkor, see Preah Khan Kompong Svay.

 

Preah Khan (Khmer: ប្រាសាទព្រះខ័ន), sometimes transliterated as Prah Khan, is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built in the 12th century for King Jayavarman VII. It is located northeast of Angkor Thom and just west of the Jayatataka baray, with which it was associated. It was the centre of a substantial organisation, with almost 100,000 officials and servants. The temple is flat in design, with a basic plan of successive rectangular galleries around a Buddhist sanctuary complicated by Hindu satellite temples and numerous later additions. Like the nearby Ta Prohm, Preah Khan has been left largely unrestored, with numerous trees and other vegetation growing among the ruins.

Preah Khan was built by the king Jayavarman VII second haft of 12^th century dedicated to Buddha and father of the king outer moat is 250m long and 4 causeways lead us to the temple and was decorated by gods and demons on the balustrade of the causeway and there are 4 enclosing walls are longer from the south and the east of baray Jayatakak 3,7 km long and 900 m width. The east roads flanks by the stone pillar lead us to the temple and surrounding wall is 800 m long 700 m width.

             Preah Khan was a temporary residence of the king Jayavarman VII while he was rebuilding his capital after sacking by cham’s fleet in 1177 Preah Khan is the third monastery of the king Jayavarman VII which was built for father of the king and is called Preah Khan and this temple was surrounding by 4 rectangular walls 800m long 700m width second enclosure is on the vast terrace was decorated by lions are Nagas balustrade.

History

Preah Khan was built on the site of Jayavarman VII's victory over the invading Chams in 1191. Unusually the modern name, meaning "holy sword", is derived from the meaning of the original — Nagara Jayasri (holy city of victory).^[1] The site may previously have been occupied by the royal palaces of Yasovarman II and Tribhuvanadityavarman.^[2] The temple's foundation stela has provided considerable information about the history and administration of the site: the main image, of the boddhisatva Avalokitesvara in the form of the king's father, was dedicated in 1191 (the king's mother had earlier been commemorated in the same way at Ta Prohm). 430 other deities also had shrines on the site, each of which received an allotment of food, clothing, perfume and even mosquito nets;^[3] the temple's wealth included gold, silver, gems, 112,300 pearls and a cow with gilded horns.^[4] The institution combined the roles of city, temple and Buddhist university: there were 97,840 attendants and servants, including 1000 dancers^[5] and 1000 teachers.^[6]
The temple is still largely unrestored: the initial clearing was from 1927 to 1932, and partial anastylosis was carried out in 1939. Since then free-standing statues have been removed for safe-keeping, and there has been further consolidation and restoration work. Throughout, the conservators have attempted to balance restoration and maintenance of the wild condition in which the temple was discovered: one of them, Maurice Glaize, wrote that;

Preah Khan is northeast of Angkor Thom.

The temple was previously overrun with a particularly voracious vegetation and quite ruined, presenting only chaos. Clearing works were undertaken with a constant respect for the large trees which give the composition a pleasing presentation without constituting any immediate danger. At the same time, some partial anastylosis has revived various buildings found in a sufficient state of preservation and presenting some special interest in their architecture or decoration.^[7]

Since 1991, the site has been maintained by the World Monuments Fund. It has continued the cautious approach to restoration, believing that to go further would involve too much guesswork, and prefers to respect the ruined nature of the temple. One of its former employees has said, "We're basically running a glorified maintenance program. We're not prepared to falsify history".^[8] It has therefore limited itself primarily to stabilisation work on the fourth eastern gopura, the House of Fire and the Hall of Dancers.^[9]

The site

The outer wall of Preah Khan is of laterite, and bears 72 garudas holding nagas, at 50 m intervals. Surrounded by a moat, it measures 800 by 700 m and encloses an area of 56 hectares (138 acres). To the east of Preah Khan is a landing stage on the edge of the Jayatataka baray, now dry, which measured 3.5 by 0.9 km (1 mi). This also allowed access to the temple of Neak Pean in the centre of the baray. As usual Preah Khan is orientated toward the east, so this was the main entrance, but there are others at each of the cardinal points. Each entrance has a causeway over the moat with naga-carrying devas and asuras similar to those at Angkor Thom; Glaize considered this an indication that the city element of Preah Khan was more significant than those of Ta Prohm or Banteay Kdei.^[10]
Halfway along the path leading to the third enclosure, on the north side, is a House of Fire (or Dharmasala) similar to Ta Prohm's. The remainder of the fourth enclosure, now forested, was originally occupied by the city; as this was built of perishable materials it has not survived. The third enclosure wall is 200 by 175 m. In front of the third gopura is a cruciform terrace. The gopura itself is on a large scale, with three towers in the centre and two flanking pavilions. Between the southern two towers were two celebrated silk-cotton trees, of which Glaize wrote, "resting on the vault itself of the gallery, [they] frame its openings and brace the stones in substitute for pillars in a caprice of nature that is as fantastic as it is perilous."^[11] One of the trees is now dead, although the roots have been left in place. The trees may need to be removed to prevent their damaging the structure.^[12] On the far side of the temple, the third western gopura has pediments of a chess game and the Battle of Lanka, and two guardian dvarapalas to the west.

The purpose of this two-storeyed building with round columns is unknown.

West of the third eastern gopura, on the main axis is a Hall of Dancers. The walls are decorated with apsaras; Buddha images in niches above them were destroyed in the anti-Buddhist reaction under Jayavarman VIII. North of the Hall of Dancers is a two-storeyed structure with round columns. No other examples of this form survive at Angkor, although there are traces of similar buildings at Ta Prohm and Banteay Kdei. Freeman and Jacques speculate that this may have been a granary.^[13] Occupying the rest of the third enclosure are ponds (now dry) in each corner, and satellite temples to the north, south and west. While the main temple was Buddhist, these three are dedicated to Shiva, previous kings and queens, and Vishnu respectively. They are notable chiefly for their pediments: on the northern temple, Vishnu Reclining to the west and the Hindu trinity of Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma to the east; on the western temple, Krishna raising Mount Govardhana to the west.^[14]
Connecting the Hall of Dancers and the wall of the second enclosure is a courtyard containing two libraries. The second eastern gopura projects into this courtyard; it is one of the few Angkorian gopuras with significant internal decoration, with garudas on the corners of the cornices. Buddha images on the columns were changed into hermits under Jayavarman VIII.
Between the second enclosure wall (85 by 76 m) and the first enclosure wall (62 by 55 m) on the eastern side is a row of later additions which impede access and hide some of the original decoration. The first enclosure is, as Glaize said, similarly, "choked with more or less ruined buildings".^[15] The enclosure is divided into four parts by a cruciform gallery, each part almost filled by these later irregular additions. The walls of this gallery, and the interior of the central sanctuary, are covered with holes for the fixing of bronze plates which would originally have covered them and the outside of the sanctuary — 1500 tonnes was used to decorate the whole temple.^[16] At the centre of the temple, in place of the original statue of Lokesvara, is a stupa built several centuries after the temple's initial construction.

Neak Pean Temple

Neak Pean (Khmer: ប្រាសាទនាគព័ន្ធ) ("The entwined serpents") at Angkor, Cambodia is an artificial island with a Buddhist temple on a circular island in Preah Khan Baray built during the reign of King Jayavarman VII. It is the "Mebon" of the Preah Khan baray (the "Jayatataka" of the inscription).^[2]

Neak Pean was built by the king Jayavarman VII second haft of 12^th century dedicated to Buddha and Neak Pean has 5 small ponds and 4 ponds represented water element, fire element, earth element and wind element all the ponds are man-made ponds and one large pond is 70m squares and surrounded by 4 small ponds are 25m squares and there are 2 statues of serpent and their tail entwined is called Neak Pean.

            And the statue on the 4 ponds the south is the statue of lion’s head represent fire or the king of animals. At the east the statue of human’s head represents cleverness and knowledge. At the north the statue of element’s head represent pureness. At the west the statue of horse’s head represent the horse Balaha and the mount of Buddha and helped drowned people from the ship wrecked.

Etymology

The name is derived from the sculptures of snakes (Naga) running around the base of the temple structure.

History

Some historians believe that Neak Pean represents Anavatapta, a mythical lake in the Himalayas whose waters are thought to cure all illness.^[3] Neak Pean was originally designed for medical purposes, as it is one of the many hospitals that Jayavarman VII built. It is based on the ancient Hindu belief of balance. Four connected pools represent Water, Earth, Fire and Wind. The ancients believed that going into these pools would balance the elements in the bather, thus curing disease. In the middle of the four healing ponds is the central water source. There is a statue of Bahala (Bodhisattva Guan Yin transformed into a horse), as a symbol of drowning prevention.

Pre Rup temple

Pre Rup (Khmer: ប្រាសាទប្រែរូប) is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built as the state temple of Khmer king Rajendravarman and dedicated in 961 or early 962. It is a temple mountain of combined brick, laterite and sandstone construction.
The temple’s name is a comparatively modern one meaning "turn the body". This reflects the common belief among Cambodians that funerals were conducted at the temple, with the ashes of the body being ritually rotated in different directions as the service progressed.

Was built by the king Rajandravarman II middle of 12^th century dedicated to Siva. Pre Rue was built on the vast plain at the east Baray. Pre Rue was built as an artificial mountain of late rite wall and brick tower and there are 2 enclosure walls and there are 4 entry towers and was decorated with 3 narrow tiers and there are 5 tower on the top outer enclosing wall is 127 m long and 116 m width on the lintel at the left east face is reincarnation of Vishnu Norashimha. And Pre Rue was built at the south and south bank of the east baray and it has an a ability of holding water 55 m million cubic meters and 7,5 km long and 1830 width.

 The site

Located just south of the East Baray, or eastern reservoir, Pre Rup is aligned on a north-south axis with the East Mebon temple, which is located on what was an artificial island in the baray. The East Mebon was also a creation of the reign of Rajendravarman.
Pre Rup's extensive laterite and brick give it a pleasing reddish tone that is heightened by early morning and late afternoon sunlight. The temple has a square lay-out and two perimeter walls. The outer enclosure is a platform bounded by a laterite wall, 117 meters N-S by 127 meters E-W. A laterite causeway gives entry from the east; unfortunately, a modern road cuts across it. The four external gopuras are cross-shaped, having a central brick section (consisting of three rooms flanked by two independent passageways) and a sandstone vestibule on both sides. To either side inside the eastern gate is a group of three towers aligned north to south. One of the towers appears to have never been built or to have been dismantled later, however they are later additions, probably by Jayavarman V. Further ahead, through another gate, libraries lie to either side of the walkway on the second platform. Just before the entrance there is a stone "cistern", but scholars believe it was a basement for a Nandi bronze statue rather than being used for cremation ceremonies^[1].
There is also a series of long distinct galleries running along each side, a distinctive feature of 10th century architecture that would be substituted by a continuous gallery from Ta Keo onward^[2].

The terminal pyramid of Pre Rup (with the "cistern" foreground).

The final squared pyramid, measuring 50 m at its base, rises in three steep tiers a dozen metres in height to a 35 m square platform at the summit. The lowest tier is simmetrically surrounded by 12 small shrines. At the top, five towers are arranged in a quincunx, one at each corner of the square and one in the center. Deities carved as bas-reliefs stand guard at either side of the central tower’s eastern door; its other doors are false doors. The southwest tower once contained a statue of Lakshmi, the northwest tower a statue of Uma, the southeast tower a statue of Vishnu and the northeast tower a statue of Shiva. The last one has an inscription on door jambs that dates from Jayavarman VI and is the only proof of his reign at Angkor^[3].

History

Pre Rup was dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, and it is probably located on a former shivaite ashram, built by Yasovarman I in the previous century^[4]. Perhaps it was standing at the centre of a new capital city built by Rajendravarman, with the southern dike of East Baray as northern city limit, but nothing of the dwellings survived^[5] and this "eastern city hypothesis" by Philippe Stern was never confirmed by archeological discoveries^[6].

East Mebon

The East Mebon(Khmer: ប្រាសាទមេបុណ្យខាងកើត) is a 10th Century temple at Angkor, Cambodia. Built during the reign of King Rajendravarman, it stands on what was an artificial island at the center of the now dry East Baray reservoir.
The East Mebon was dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva and honors the parents of the king. Its location reflects Khmer architects’ concern with orientation and cardinal directions. The temple was built on a north-south axis with Rajendravarman’s state temple, Pre Rup, located about 1,200 meters to the south just outside the baray. The East Mebon also lies on an east-west axis with the palace temple Phimeanakas, another creation of Rajendravarman’s reign, located about 6,800 meters due west.
Built in the general style of Pre Rup, the East Mebon was dedicated in 953 AD. It has two enclosing walls and three tiers. It includes the full array of durable Khmer construction materials: sandstone, brick, laterite and stucco. At the top is a central tower on a square platform, surrounded by four smaller towers at the platform’s corners. The towers are of brick; holes that formerly anchored stucco are visible.
The sculpture at the East Mebon is varied and exceptional, including two-meter-high free-standing stone elephants at corners of the first and second tiers. Religious scenes include the god Indra atop his three-headed elephant Airavata, and Shiva on his mount, the sacred bull Nandi. Carving on lintels is particularly elegant.

Elephant sculpture at the East Mebon

Visitors looking out from the upper level today are left to imagine the vast expanses of water that formerly surrounded the temple. Four landing stages at the base give reminder that the temple was once reached by boat.

East Mebon was built by the king Rajandravarman II middle of the 10^th century dedicated to Siva. East Mebon was a small artificial island was built the in the middle of the east Baray. The East Baray is a temple has 5 towers with 3 enclosure walls and the 5 towers represented Meru mountain outer enclosure walls is identified on the terrace land and built of later rite with 2 seated lions on each of 4 sides the next enclosure is square with the entry tower in shape a cross.

            On the lintel of the west entry tower depicted about a reincarnation of Vishnu is Norashimha with his claws. At the north east corner Laksmei is the wife of Vishnu standing between 2 elephants and the elephant raised their trunks sprinkle water on her.